George Orwells 1984 Essay - 1038 Words

The Book 1984 was written by George Orwell shortly after W.W.II. I think this book really shows us what would happen if the government gets too powerful. It was written long ago and set in the future, but I feel like the message is still very relevant today. This story takes place in an imaginary country called Oceania; it is one of the three large super states in the world of 1984. Oceania is a society similar to Hitlers Germany; with absolute power in the government and absolutely no individualism. Oceania is ruled by a totalitarian government, the leader of the government was Big Brother. Big brother monitors all the people by telescreens and the thought police. Telescreens watch every move that is made and there is no privacy.†¦show more content†¦The language made communication far more difficult and really took away the chance for rebellion. Oceania was in constant war with the two other super states, Eastasia and Eurasia. All three super states were governed in the same strict ways. This made it impossible for Winston or others to flee from the horrible circumstances in which they lived. The story began by introducing the main character Winston Smith. Winston worked for the government, rewriting the history of Oceania to make Big Brother seem all-powerful. This showed the extreme measures Big Brother went to so that it would not be overthrown. Winston disagreed with the government, but kept his feelings hidden to escape persecution from the thought police. Since Winston was keeping his dissatisfaction from everyone, he was very paranoid. He judged everyone as if they were a spy waiting to catch him and take him to prison. Although odd, Winston symbolized the good left in a society where there was not much good. Winston fell in love with a woman he worked with named Julia. He and Julia shared the same beliefs and frustrations with the government. They both felt like they needed to rebel against the countrys regulations. Winston wan ted to outwardly rebel against the government. He wanted to make life better for future generations with freedoms and individuality. Julia knew that cooperating with the party outwardly and rebelling inShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841138 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflictRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842185 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. When Winston describes the destruction of past records to create new ones to Julia, he says: â€Å"Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every dateRead MoreThe Themes Of 1984 And George Orwells 19841237 Words   |  5 Pages In many ways, George Orwell used real problems in the world to write his novels. Orwell lived through many events that inspired some of the main topics in his book, 1984. In 1984, George Orwell illustrates what a totalitarian society would be like. At the time that he wrote this book, many citizens of England were afraid of their government having too much power over them. Orwell wrote 1984 to warn the public of what a pow erful government can lead to. Even currently, 1984 can be related to differentRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842208 Words   |  9 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984, the author utilizes Big Brother to showcase the immense power and influence the government has over its subordinates. The Party manipulates the people through inflicting fear, constant surveillance, and deprivation of knowledge, in order to oppress them from having incorrect ideas or behaviors that are not permitted in society. They are expected to live as respectful Party members, forcefully having to dedicate their lives to serving Big Brother. There are a plethora of charactersRead MoreThe 1984 Adaptation Of George Orwells 19842072 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in 1984 In the 1984 adaptation of George Orwell’s classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four, the director, Michael Radford, plays on the ideas of censorship and control of all citizens. As one of the biggest themes that is presented in the film, the Inner Party makes it their mission to stop all citizens of â€Å"free thinking†. Citizens are not allowed to think poorly of the government, nor are they allowed to think impure thoughts. Those who try to condemn the government, and those that question theRead MoreGeorge Orwells 1984 Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwells 1984 What look on humanity and human nature, if any, can be seen through this book, 1984? 1984 examines a future under the rule of a totalitarian society. One of the unique notes about Orwells 1984, is theRead MoreJustice in George Orwells 19841293 Words   |  6 PagesJustice in 1984 The concept of justice is an important subject in George Orwell’s 1984. Justice is defined according to Plato as â€Å"the interest of the stronger†. Justice plays a big role in 1984’s society. Justice is understood differently by the protagonists of the text than how it is represented by the societies in which they live. In the novel 1984 by Orwell, an extremely controlling totalitarian government called The Party, rules the society. They have introduced Telescreens which monitorRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike OceaniaRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far different

The Great Wall Motors Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2995 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This narrative focus on the competitive position of great wall motors which is one of the top privately owned enterprise in China was specified on both A share market in china mainland and H share market on Honkong. The Great wall motors established in 1976 and it is named after the Great Wall of China (wiki).The company started with manufacturing of Great wall light vans and great wall deer pickups. The great wall deer pickups create a breakthrough in the production line of the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great Wall Motors Business Essay" essay for you Create order By the end of 1998 great wall pickups ranked No. 1 in domestic pickup market. Nowadays Great wall motors reach the top level by producing 3 main categories of Haval SUV, Great Wall PC and Wingle Pickup with more than 30 supplementary branches with 45000 employees. Today Haval SUV sustained the top rank in sales and export volume in China for 9 years and Wingle Pickup ranked first in units of market share, export volume and sales in China. It has achieved a fairly good brand name by producing a monthly sales of above 10,000 units illustrates its excellent capacity when compared to Joint-Venture brands. Great wall motors brand philosophy stick on specialization, dedication and focus. This philosophy helps to illustrate its strategic vision and specialising spirit from dedicated focus philosophy to effective operational management and conclusively to worldwide leading brand. Moreover its brand strategy focuses on creating a category of leading brands. The brand development strategy o f Great wall motors helps them to be keeping pace with the world tide. (1 para about the content description) External Environment The Environment is a framework that provides means of survival for the organisation. It can bring threat as well as opportunities to the organisation(Johnson, et al., 2010). This part analyses the external environment of great wall motors using Pestle analysis. Pestle analysis Organisational environment includes all the elements outside the boundary of organisation that can create potential impact to the organisation positively and negatively(Samson Daft, 2012). Pestle analysis is a tool used for analysing the macro-environment in which the organisation operates. It is a tool that exclusively scans the political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that influences the organisation and it can also be used to evaluate the market growth and decline. Pestle lists of 6 external environmental factors are explain later in appendix 1. However, This part examins in detail about the 6 pestle factors that affects the great walls environment . (Downey, J. (2007). Strategic analysis tools. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) a.Technological Technological factors covers different methods adopted by organisation to deliver better efficient and quality products with in minimum time slots(Njanja, Martin, Rene, 2012). It includes the way company establish its work methods and patterns, knowledge, materials, tools and methods followed for achieving expected outcome and finally how the information structures used. In this modern world of technology, It act as one of the answer for many problems that restrict the growth of business(Njanja, et al., 2012).For Chinese automobile companies its not adequate to clutch production capacity so they need to implement more innovative techniques. So Great wall motors significantly encourages technical advancements and innovations and assert on independent R D within the organisation (CHINA: Great Wall Motors first science-and-technology festival inaugurated, 2011).During last 5 years, Great wall motors has invested more than 3 billion RMB for the development and software for R D. So th at it has been accredited as High-Tech Corporation, Postdoctoral Science research Institute, National Recognized corporation Technique centre, National innovative corporation, Provincial automobile engineering technique centre. Great wall motors would utilise the exclusive pool of development and innovations for Chinas automobile brands. As a result of these great-leap-forward developments Great wall motors succeeded to achieve international quality standards in performance of vehicles for their existing and future models like Germany vehicles standard in controlling stability and bodywork rigidity, NCAP five stars standards in safety, Japanese vehicle standard in NVH, reassuring wear, exquisite project and North American, European and other high-end target market requirements in emission(CHINA: Great Wall Motors first science-and-technology festival inaugurated, 2011).Great wall motors planning to invest a 5 more billions to R D development in the coming years so as to build first class well maintained international RD with better experiment facilities, to set up a well qualified and efficient international RD, to beat world level first class technical innovations, to satisfy technical demands or aspirations of customers so as to rocket their additional value and improve their competitive ability of products . b.Social: In china, customers are not much interested in hybrid and electric technology, so there are not many firms producing hybrid cars and electric cars. It offers better opportunity for great wall motors in this field as they have only limited competitors. For a short run, they can have a great market share in this field. But in a long run, more competitions will occur, when more and more firms came to use this technology. Today customers are looking for better performing and mileage cars. Hybrid cars of great wall motors have better mileage and performance when compare with other hybrid cars. But it is not up to the level of petrol cars performance, so still customers prefer to use petrol cars because of their standard performance. So it is very much mandatory to improve their technology in hybrid cars to make its performance better than petrol cars. c.Economic As a result of severe price hike of oil the demand for hybrid and electric cars are continually rising. Great wall motors is one of the leading automobile company in china conducting its research and development in hybrid as well as electric cars. Because of price hike in oil the demand for petrol cars are falling down. On one hand, they can impose or introduce their hybrid and electric car technologies as the demand for this are increasing. But on the other hand, as there are hybrid or electric cars, customers were less interested in buying their petrol cars. As they have hybrid and electric cars, their revenue will not break down even if there is fall in demand of petrol cars. In a long run, they can improve their sales and productions by concentrating more on hybrid and electric cars. Chinese automobile market shows a severe growth of 1/3 recently. This means still there exist more opportunities for great wall motors to grow and expand their activities. They can expand their sales and revenue more if the market is bigger. d. political: role of government Chinese government is going to invest billions of dollars in hybrid technology. Great wall motors is one of the automobile company well known for its research and development in hybrid technology. If they successfully proved that their technology is worth for investment, they can get billions of dollars for their research development in this technology. Now Chinese government is planning to buy a large number of hybrid cars for use in china within 2 years. As great wall motors are already producing hybrid cars, the plan of Chinese government may put them forth to increase their production to fulfil the wishes of their government. Recently, the official vehicle options adopted by ministry of industry and information technology were announced. Including Haval H6 and H5, 25 vehicles of GWM were listed. As a result Haval become most prominent brand in the inventory.SUV because of its versatility it becomes a model with fast growth among customers and market. Due to this new poli cy of official vehicles, it become popular not only among common customers but broadly requested by officers also. Now a days Haval SUV becomes one of the top brands in the Chinese office cars market for bulk purchase by government departments of fire fighting, roads and expressway governance. However in china, there are some restriction on car ownership in some part of cities, as part of reducing traffic congestion and accidents. To some extent, the legal restrictions and tax increase affects the sales and revenue of great wall motors. (https://sites.cdnis.edu.hk/students/100106/2011/03/31/pest-analysis/) e.environmental(green): green issues,pollution,waste Environmental factors have greater role in automobile industry as they cause severe hazards to living creatures by air pollution. To eliminate these harmful hazards and achieving fuel efficiency in their vehicles, Great wall motors introduced technological innovations in diesel engines like turbo charging and emissions technologies. So that they succeeded to achieve narrow emission with attractive fuel economy and better power output(Anonymous, 2011). They are also trying to implement green diesel technology in their vehicles. With this technology in vehicles, great wall motors are demanding an eco-friendly environment with energy saving performance. By this technology, the chairman of the company believes that, they created a breakthrough in high-efficiency vehicles with energy saving power(CHINA: Bosch cooperates with Great Wall Motors for green diesel technology exhibition, 2012). f. legal: health safety regulations Great wall motors give more importance for health safety of their customers. For that they introduced advanced all wheel driving technology in their vehicles(Anonymous, 2011). 2.Porters five force analysis Porters five force theory was developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979 for evaluating and identifying the current strengths and market positions of different business firms.The Pictorial representation of porters five force is shown in appendix 2 and the porters five forces analysis of great wall motors is explained as follows: (Downey, J. (2007). Strategic analysis tools. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) a.threat of new entrants This is one of the severe threats faced by great wall motors. There are several reasons for this threat. As china is one of the growing economies, the market demand for cars is continually increasing. As a result of this, many new automobile companies are trying to walk carefully to the early stage of automobile life cycle. Then only they can withstand in this industry in future developed stages. Moreover the faint intellectual property laws enable new companies to copying the design as well as other properties of others. So that they can develop new innovations in efficient and effective manner than researching and development procedures. b. Bargaining power of buyers or customers This power is also moderately high for great wall motors as there are so many automobile manufacturers both in china and international markets other than great wall motors. So that its too difficult to withstand in this market without implementing any striking innovations. c. Threat of substitutes In China, Mass- transit could affect the car sales badly. But today in this growing economy there exist a vogue in china that, people considered car as their status symbol. So if any one comes to be financially stable then he ends up with buying a car rather than depending on cheapest modes like mass- transit or bicycles. So the impact of substitutes doesnt effects great wall largely. (https://porters-5-forces.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/porters-five-forces-analysis-china.html) 3. Strategic capabilities a) Three high strategies To enhance the products quality, Great wall motors made three highs strategies namely high performance, high technology and high quality. So that they are encouraged to use high tech innovations and better performing designs to their products for getting excellent and effective quality products. While competing with other international leading brands, the three high strategies made them fit to keep a highly accelerated momentum in their sales. In the aspect of 3 high strategies they recently signed the strategic cooperation agreement with many international companies like TRW, Valeo, Bosch, BorgWarner, Ricado, Mahle, Autoliv, and Brose in product manufacturing. The relationship of great wall motors with these international giants compelled them to upgrade their product quality by conducting thorough research and development of technologies. b) Established branding based on category Great wall motors is the chinas 1st automobile company that established their brands with the category. According to their view point, real brand would be the representative of distinguishing model in customers mind. As a result of this category branding, they are enjoying solid advantages including: For many years, their Haval SUV and wingle Pickup have been recorded as No: 1 in sales market. In the coming years also GWM decided to focus on 3 main categories PC, SUV and Pickup and they wants to become top most in the market with each of 3 brands in paramount positions with Haval- as chinas best selling SUV brand, great wall PC as chinas leading PC brand and wingle -as chinas best pick up brand. With this 3 leading brand positions, the brand name of Great wall motors strongly supported. (https://www.topgreatwall.com/great/page.php?lang=enpage_name=about) c)capabilities:- GWM continue to maintain a steady sustainable growth in the auto market, because of its steady operation and focusing strategy. They also followed a routine of valuing RD within the company so that they succeed in keeping up the quality of their products by updating technologies (News). Recent data published by NPCA (National passengers cars association) shows that that GWM holds a prominent position in top 10 sales list during the first half of year 2012.When NPCA narrowed the list, GWM is the only independent brand which hold such a fabulous position. Recently, the seminar conducted by GWMs technology centre announced that comprehensive proving ground will be finished by end of 2013. GWM is really proud to have first absolute proving ground among Chinese independent automobile companies. From their beginning onwards GWM gives more priority for product quality. They constantly assured their product quality by product quality maintaining systems. As they give more value for prod uct development and quality test, proving ground was one the major project of GWMs research development centre. The effort of GWM on development of proving ground illustrates the strategic thinking of management and professional operation of GWM. d)STRENGTH In 2011, Chinese automobile market faced a recession because of different factors. When compare with the sales record of 2010, it shows a 30 % fall in overall sales volume. Moreover Chinese independent brands are more brittle and their share got skid sharply. Even in such a dim market, GWM maintained an excellent growth within their industry. According to the chairman of GWM, a strong brand might be a leader in their locality and may act as representative of its product kind in customers mind.GWM is the first automobile industry which introduced brands in their products types. To a large extent, branding their products helps GWM to improve their overall performance and to remain competitive in global market. Recently GWMs president shared their secret behind success that focusing on high-quality products rather than making low quality and low priced products. Moreover in this year, they are planning to focus on the improvement of sales outlet and terminal services. So they will con centrate on solving customers problems. (Official website) 4. Internal environment The value chain system is accomplished to recognise the line of activities committed by the organisation for creating a product or service. The primary activities are the activities that the firm engages for creation and delivery of a product within the organization through various logistics and external activities include production and sales. The supporting activities are activities that the organisation employs for polishing the efficiency and effectiveness of primary activities. This analysis helps managers to understand the operational level at which the product undergoes for developing value and this understanding is more superior in the success of all the firms (Porter, 2012). This paper centred on various primary and secondary activities undertaken by great wall motors. Value chain activities Inbound logistics involves activities that concerned with receiving, storing, and distribution of inputs needed for manufacturing products. Great wall motors maintained to receiv ing goods from suppliers all around the world in order to maximise their availability of goods. Great wall motors follows a just in time approach for handling their goods. Just in time is an approach of reducing in-process inventory and associatedÂÂ  costs for improving the investment return on business. Operation stage is the most difficult phase as it involves the activity of converting the raw materials received into a final product. Great wall motors are famous for their reliability because of their efficient operations. Here in this phase great wall assembles all the materials needed for Individual operations including systematization of parts for a car and final tuning of car engine. In Outbound stage, great wall distribute their finally polished vehicles to wholesalers, retailers, or to consumers. Great wall managed to maintain their showrooms in different countries for making their products easily accessible to customers. The marketing strategy that great wall adopte d was their primary lead for securing a dominant position in the automobile industry. They maintained a customer oriented pattern in their business operations and also they managed to meet their customers demand. Great wall focused more on marketing communication and promotion mix in this area. Great wall had given more priority for their customers. So in the area of services they focussed more on final checking, complaint handling, after-sales services and so on. (Official website) SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong distribution network in china Succeeded in identifying local market demand Lower operating budget depend on economy scale, low cost of land and labor, cheap plant cost, and own production of spare parts for its vehicles Better payment collection procedure encourages it with little debt. Weaknesses It is very much weak in its research developments settings. It depends on talented professionals from other designer companies to develop designs for their models. According to their record, their RD expense accounts only a small percentage of its total sales. Opportunities Expansion of SUV sales leads to an outstanding growth for global vehicle market. China witnessed steady sales in SUV market during 2008-2011.Greatwalls low production cost floor and its paramount position in SUV market enable them to achieve a robust growth in global auto market. Its cost structure encourages the demand of great walls vehicles in global market. Chinas VAT rebate policy allows great wall to enjoy the higher margin in exporting their products to overseas market. Threats Conclusion

Waking Ned Devine Free Essays

A utilitarian would say to do it because having that money would bring them more leisure, but a ethnologist would say that they must not commit fraud in order to get the money because that would be lying and according to the categorical imperative we should never lie. The second categorical imperative comes into play as well because it would be using a human as a means to an end rather than an end in itself (although with Ned being dead, one could have an argument that that doesn’t come into play). Jackie makes the decision to lie because he has a dream and he believes that Ned has come to him and wants him to have the money. We will write a custom essay sample on Waking Ned Devine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cackle and Annie, as well as Jackie and Michaels friendship both fall under Aristotle category of friendship based on goodness. In both friendships, each person wants what Is best for the other person, and all things are shared with each other. Both Jackie and Nannies marriage and Jackie and Michaels friendship include benefiting from the other and pleasure from the other’s company, but they have that important thing where each wants to help the other reach their tells. This is shown in the case of Jackie and Annie when Annie finds out Jackie and Michaels plan to get he money. She is upset because she doesn’t want Jackie or Michael to go to Jail for fraud. She doesn’t think that will be what is best for either of them. The amount of winnings matters to Annie because when she finds out how much money it actually is she realizes how much It can help themselves, and the whole town. I think that the moral significance of the act does change when Cackle Includes the whole town, because rather than being selfish and keeping It all, he Is helping the whole town and I do believe that is what Ned would have wanted. He Is attached to he town and would have been more than happy with what Jackie and Michael ended up doing with it. Although, if a ethnologist were to look at the situation, there’s no way they would change their position, because lying is lying, and that is wrong. This fits perfectly into the situation where Kant says you should tell the truth even when you want to lie, and only then are you truly free. The mean old women is a character that always seems to be looking for ways to get what she wants at the expense of others. She tries to get two loaves of bread for Alfa price, she tries to get her toaster back without paying for it, and finally she threatens Jackie, Michael, and Annie by saying that she will call the office of the lottery If she doesn’t get more money. I think that the priest Is right to be worried of what will happen to the town with all that money because these people have lived simple lives for so long, that who knows what will happen when they come into money like this. It ends up looking like noticed that was an immediate change after they were sure of getting the money is when Fin promises Maggie to quit pig farming even though he claims to like it. If everyone stops their farming, what is going to happen to the village? Ultimately, yes, I think that Maggie does make the right decision when she chooses not to collect all the money for her son. When living in a tight knit community like that, everyone seems like family anyways. And like Jackie tells her, having a father is worth more than any amount of money, and if she were to claim the money for her son, Fin would have to continue pig farming and her son would still not have a father. As far a Aristotelian ethics goes, I think she climbed a bit on the hermeneutic circle and became a better person. How to cite Waking Ned Devine, Papers

Stress Management Trends and Growth

Question: Discuss about the Stress Management Trends and Growth. Answer: Introduction: Stress is an emotional feeling of an individual that appears when an individual is faced with some problem or demand (Girdano et al. 2012). Stress put effect on the physical and psychological condition of a person and might result in mental, physical and emotional strain. Acute stress: The most common form of stress that comes from the intense pressure and demand at work. This type of stress is most common among people at the work place when the employees are told to focus on their work (Johnson et al. 2013). Episodic acute stress: The stress that occurred among people due to excessive worrying on a particular issue (Wolever et al. 2012). At times, employees have to deal with certain projects that last for a long time. In those projects, episodic acute stress occurs easily. Chronic stress: The stress that an employee might have to face with the fear of losing the job (Gorman et al. 2012). This type of fear is common among the employees due to intense competition and replacement of employees at work. The aim of the paper is to understand the level of stress at work. JP Morgan Chase has been selected for the case study of the paper. An evaluation of the various causes of stress and the symptoms of the stress at the Organization will be carried on. On the basis of the finding, certain solutions will be proposed to reduce the level of stress and the role of the HR management in managing the level of stress at workplace. Stress caused to an employee at the organization can be broadly divided under two categories. These are: Organizational factors: The stress that is caused due to increasing responsibility or pressure of work at the workplace on the employees is considered to be organizational stress factors (Rose et al. 2013). A number of reasons can be stated as under which causes stress at an organization. Task demand: It might happen that the responsibility on an employee is greater than the capability of the person. In many organizations, the work has become target based and every employee has to meet target. However, for few, meeting this target might create stress (Wolever et al. 2012). The situation at JP Morgan Chase is such that the employees are expected to be flexible to work at different positions. Sometimes, the responsibility might not match with the personality and trait of the person performing the task (Wolever et al. 2012). Role demand: Every employee is given different roles and responsibilities to perform. An employee is usually faced with stress when the person is not able to perform his or her responsibility effectively (Lottrup et al. 2012). This is when, the person get pressurized from the management that increases the stress. Interpersonal demand: People at the higher authority often have to perform more responsibility at the workplace. Expectation automatically increases on those groups of people and it demand for more work pressure that ultimately results in stress (Bhui et al. 2016). Organizational Structure: As per the organizational structure, certain vital responsibilities rest on few persons and they have to deal with various types of circumstances. This is when this group of people have to suffer utter distress (Shaw et al. 2012). The organizational structure is rigid and the employees are supposed to follow the instruction of these people at higher position. Organizational leadership: Leaders have to perform lots of responsibilities in managing people under them. At many times, there occur problems due to misunderstanding or mismatching attitude with the leaders and the team members (Jenny et al. 2015). This automatically creates stress on the leader. No such issues have been evident in terms of bad leadership in the organization at JP Morgan Chase. Personal Factors: Apart from the issues at the organization, a person might suffer from stress due to various personal factors. These factors are: Family Issues: As commented by Berman et al. (2015), that apart from the organizational issues, a person has to face with family issues as well. Any issue related to family problems is a major reason of stress for a person that at times reflects on the work of the person as well. Economic Problems: Economic and financial problems are common among people that creates stress. Life activities are largely depended on money. When a person lacks sufficient money, the person develops stress (Cooper 2015). This stress can directly reflect in the performance of the person at the workplace. The employees that get less salary are more often to fall under this category of stress. Inherent Personality Characteristics: Some people have certain characteristics of inheriting stress. These people suffer from ultimate stress levels even for minute issues. For those people, taking stress is common (Shaw et al. 2012). However, at many times, due to this nature of people, the Organization as a whole has to suffer. These are some of the reasons behind the creation of stress in an individual but it has to be understood that stress is a kind of emotion that might arise at any point of time due to any condition. The particular organization should have the basic responsibility of taking care of the situation if the employees are found to suffer due to them. Symptoms of Stress: The harmful emotional and physical responses that happen to a person when there is a conflict between job demand and the performance of the employee at the workplace results in workplace stress. A number of symptoms are common among the employees when they suffer from stress. These symptoms can be broadly categorised into three categories. These are: Physiological symptoms: These symptoms are observed in a person in terms of certain changes in the traits and characteristics of the person. These include, sudden increase of blood pressure, headache and to adverse situation increase of the pulse rate of the person under stress (Bhui et al. 2016). Psychological symptoms: Increased level of stress also leads to certain psychological symptoms as well. These include increased level of tension, anxiety and boredom. The person might suffer procrastination that ultimately leads to the decrease of productivity of the person (Abraham 2013). Behavioural symptoms: a number of behavioural symptoms can also be observed on the person suffering from stress. These behavioural stress symptoms include increased smoking or other addictive substances like increasing consumption of alcohol. At times, it is often found that due to increased level of stress, the person suffering from stress is often found to fight with various situations like isolation from self or conflicting with others at work or personal place (Houghton et al. 2012). The stress sometimes comes out by the means of frustration, irritability, anger, powerlessness and restlessness. However, these symptoms are often expression less but requires great effort to deal with the stressful situation. It completely depends on the part of the victim to understand the problems and fight against the odd situations. It is only when the person is able to combat with the situation the level of stress can be reduced (Bhui et al. 2016). The above stated symptoms are common among the employees of various organizations. JP Morgan Chase is also a well established and reputed company in its industry. The company puts pressure on the employees to fight against the increasing competition in the market. It is by the means of increasing the productivity of the organization, the employees are often over stressed with huge responsibilities and duties. Reducing Stress: As stated by Houghton et al. (2012), in order to keep the functionalities and operations of the organization keep going on in a right way, it falls under the responsibility of the HR department of the organization to tackle the situation and manage to reduce stress. Role of HR department in helping employees cope with stress: Human resource staff should present on the front line for dealing with situations of stress related to work. In fact, it falls under the responsibility of the staff of the HR department to come up with different policies and strategies to help employees fight against stress. Some of the steps that the HR of the organization might undertake to fight against the stress caused among the employees can be stated here: Matching individual to their jobs: One of the crucial jobs of the HR is to understand the right person for the right job. If the right person is given the right duty to perform, then there will be definitely less stress among the people working in the organization (Houghton et al. 2012). Clarifying expectations: At times, it happens that the expectation of the employees is very high in regards to the job and responsibility that they have to perform (Michington 2014). It is important to clarify those expectation and as per the necessity, fulfilling the expectation of the employees. At JP Morgan, the organization has a number of retention and motivation plans that helps the employees to meet their expectation. Redesigning jobs: As commented by Bhui et al. (2016), sometimes the employees should be given different jobs to perform at the organization. For companies like JP Morgan Chase, this could be an easy way to combat against the stress suffered by the employees due to their job role. At the Bank, the job responsibilities are often shuffled and reshuffled that the employees do not face boredom while doing their jobs. Offering employee involvement and participation: Another way by which employees can be motivated and they can be made stress relieved is by offering them involvement and participation with the higher authority and major decision making functionalities of the organization (Michington 2014). At JP Morgan Chase, it has been observed that the employees working with the company for a long time are often involved with the management decision. This way they are motivated and stress is reduced (Frost 2014). Wellness Programs: Every organization should run wellness programs as well to fight against any situation that leads to creation or increase of stress among the people at the organization. Such programs might include offering office parties at a regular interval that help to reduce the regular burden and stress of the employee (Romious et al. 2016). The management of JP Morgan EAPs: Employee Associate Programs are also effective ways to fight against increasing stress among the employees or people at work. There are a number of EAPs that are designed to improve the performance of the employees at JP Morgan Chase (Michington 2014). Conclusion: The report highlighted the different types of stress and the reason behind the creation of stress among the employees of an organization. A case study of JP Morgan Chase, the bank has been considered as the case study for the report. It has been observed that there are various types of stress that occurs on an individual due to some activities at work. A number of situations have been identified that reduces the stress on the employees at the organization. It falls under the responsibility of the HR department of the organization to understand the situation that creates stress among the people and think of better ways to fight against those situations. It has also been found that the HR management of JP Morgan think of the employees at the workplace and often make efforts to reduce the stress of the employees. There are a number of retention policies and strategies as well that are designed separately to help the employees to overcome any kind of situation that causes stress. By the end, it can be said that in an organization, there will be a number of situations that will create distress for the people working in the organization that will ultimately result in creation of the stress but it should be the prime responsibility of the HR department to understand the situation and think of better ways to improve the condition of the workplace. References: Abraham, S., 2013. Workplace Stress and Its Management. 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